WOx/ZrO2 catalysts for the conversion of α-angelica lactone with butanol to butyl levulinates

Wirawan Ciptonugroho; Joel B. Mensah; Ghith Al-Shaal; Regina Palkovits

doi:10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x

WO_x/ZrO₂ catalysts for the conversion of α-angelica lactone with butanol to butyl levulinates

Wirawan Ciptonugroho^*
, Joel B. Mensah
, Ghith Al-Shaal
, Regina Palkovits

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

WO_x/ZrO₂ catalysts with different tungsten loadings were prepared via wet impregnation, wherein the presence of WO₃ appreciably altered the textural and structural properties. According to Raman spectroscopy, loadings as high as 15 wt% WO₃ marked the onset of WO₃-nanoparticle formation. Moreover, NH₃-TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy with pyridine adsorption revealed that 15 wt% WO₃/ZrO₂ showed the highest total number of acid centres together with the largest population of Brønsted acid sites. This material was able to achieve full conversion of α-angelica lactone in n-butanol leading to the production of 43% n-butyl levulinate and 53% pseudo-butyl levulinate after 5 h at 75 °C. The catalytic performance and selectivity towards the esters were found to be strongly related to the concentration of Lewis and Brønsted acid species. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3769-3778
Number of pages	10
Journal	Chemical Papers
Volume	77
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x
State	Published - Jul 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.

Keywords

Brønsted acid
Levulinic acid ester
Solid acid catalyst
WO/ZrO

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Biochemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Materials Chemistry

Access to Document

10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x

Cite this

@article{06fee0c77f0446c2a1adef0149ac19ac,

title = "WOx/ZrO2 catalysts for the conversion of α-angelica lactone with butanol to butyl levulinates",

abstract = "WOx/ZrO2 catalysts with different tungsten loadings were prepared via wet impregnation, wherein the presence of WO3 appreciably altered the textural and structural properties. According to Raman spectroscopy, loadings as high as 15 wt\% WO3 marked the onset of WO3-nanoparticle formation. Moreover, NH3-TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy with pyridine adsorption revealed that 15 wt\% WO3/ZrO2 showed the highest total number of acid centres together with the largest population of Br{\o}nsted acid sites. This material was able to achieve full conversion of α-angelica lactone in n-butanol leading to the production of 43\% n-butyl levulinate and 53\% pseudo-butyl levulinate after 5 h at 75 °C. The catalytic performance and selectivity towards the esters were found to be strongly related to the concentration of Lewis and Br{\o}nsted acid species. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]",

keywords = "Br{\o}nsted acid, Levulinic acid ester, Solid acid catalyst, WO/ZrO",

author = "Wirawan Ciptonugroho and Mensah, \{Joel B.\} and Ghith Al-Shaal and Regina Palkovits",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.",

year = "2023",

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doi = "10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x",

language = "English",

volume = "77",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - WOx/ZrO2 catalysts for the conversion of α-angelica lactone with butanol to butyl levulinates

AU - Ciptonugroho, Wirawan

AU - Mensah, Joel B.

AU - Al-Shaal, Ghith

AU - Palkovits, Regina

PY - 2023/7

Y1 - 2023/7

N2 - WOx/ZrO2 catalysts with different tungsten loadings were prepared via wet impregnation, wherein the presence of WO3 appreciably altered the textural and structural properties. According to Raman spectroscopy, loadings as high as 15 wt% WO3 marked the onset of WO3-nanoparticle formation. Moreover, NH3-TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy with pyridine adsorption revealed that 15 wt% WO3/ZrO2 showed the highest total number of acid centres together with the largest population of Brønsted acid sites. This material was able to achieve full conversion of α-angelica lactone in n-butanol leading to the production of 43% n-butyl levulinate and 53% pseudo-butyl levulinate after 5 h at 75 °C. The catalytic performance and selectivity towards the esters were found to be strongly related to the concentration of Lewis and Brønsted acid species. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

AB - WOx/ZrO2 catalysts with different tungsten loadings were prepared via wet impregnation, wherein the presence of WO3 appreciably altered the textural and structural properties. According to Raman spectroscopy, loadings as high as 15 wt% WO3 marked the onset of WO3-nanoparticle formation. Moreover, NH3-TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy with pyridine adsorption revealed that 15 wt% WO3/ZrO2 showed the highest total number of acid centres together with the largest population of Brønsted acid sites. This material was able to achieve full conversion of α-angelica lactone in n-butanol leading to the production of 43% n-butyl levulinate and 53% pseudo-butyl levulinate after 5 h at 75 °C. The catalytic performance and selectivity towards the esters were found to be strongly related to the concentration of Lewis and Brønsted acid species. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

KW - Brønsted acid

KW - Levulinic acid ester

KW - Solid acid catalyst

KW - WO/ZrO

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85150154993

U2 - 10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x

DO - 10.1007/s11696-023-02739-x

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85150154993

SN - 0366-6352

VL - 77

SP - 3769

EP - 3778

JO - Chemical Papers

JF - Chemical Papers

IS - 7

ER -