Wide area smart grid architectural model and control: A survey

The catastrophic outages and time-variant load patterns have posed a complex problem for the energy management policy makers in the deregulated power market. The Wide Area Smart Grid Model (WASGM) is a plausible solution for the future Wide Area Systems (WASs) in terms of the operation, monitoring, and control. This survey provides a comprehensive insight into the state-of-the-art research steered in the wide area control and stability. We present a technical overview of data metering and management classification in the WASs by covering topics, such as: (a) Smart Meters, (b) Smart Sensor Networks, (c) Phasor Measuring Units (PMUs), and (d) Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs). We also survey the role of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)/Energy Management System (EMS) in the WASs, to provide a taxonomy of the communication technologies for an efficient data flow in the Smart Grid (SG) network. Moreover, the wide area smart grid architectural model for the future electrical networks is also explored pertaining to the ongoing research in the vast sphere of the WASs. Furthermore, the technical aspects and distinguishing features of the non-linear control schemes utilized for the advanced Wide Area Controls (WACs) are also quantitatively analyzed.