Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization

Sultan Al Sulami; Tarig Ballal; Muhammad Moinuddin; Tareq Al-Naffouri

doi:10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184

Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization

Sultan Al Sulami^*
, Tarig Ballal
, Muhammad Moinuddin
, Tareq Al-Naffouri

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Indoor localization has emerged as a critical research area, driven by the growing need for accurate positioning in environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are unavailable. Wi-Fi Round-Trip Time (RTT) has shown promise for precise indoor positioning, but the presence of systematic offsets across frequency bands poses significant challenges to its accuracy and reliability. These offsets, arise with factors such as device heterogeneity, multipath propagation, and environmental interference, not only degrade RTT performance but also complicate its integration with RTT multi-band and other measurement sources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of RTT range offset across the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands, identifying it as limiting factor in achieving high-precision indoor positioning. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of multi-band fusion to mitigate these offsets and explore the associated challenges in realizing accurate localization systems. Our findings offer insights into integration of RTT-multi-band to overcome the practical limitations of RTT technology.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	998-1006
Number of pages	9
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331523176
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025 - Salt Lake City, United States Duration: 28 Apr 2025 → 1 May 2025

Publication series

Name	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025
Country/Territory	United States
City	Salt Lake City
Period	28/04/25 → 1/05/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.

Keywords

Calibration Models
Multi-Band Fusion
RTT
Wi-Fi 6 GHz band

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Aerospace Engineering
Automotive Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Instrumentation
Control and Optimization

Access to Document

10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184

Cite this

Sulami, S. A., Ballal, T., Moinuddin, M., & Al-Naffouri, T. (2025). Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization. In 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025 (pp. 998-1006). (2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184

Sulami, Sultan Al ; Ballal, Tarig ; Moinuddin, Muhammad et al. / Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis : Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization. 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. pp. 998-1006 (2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025).

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title = "Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization",

abstract = "Indoor localization has emerged as a critical research area, driven by the growing need for accurate positioning in environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are unavailable. Wi-Fi Round-Trip Time (RTT) has shown promise for precise indoor positioning, but the presence of systematic offsets across frequency bands poses significant challenges to its accuracy and reliability. These offsets, arise with factors such as device heterogeneity, multipath propagation, and environmental interference, not only degrade RTT performance but also complicate its integration with RTT multi-band and other measurement sources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of RTT range offset across the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands, identifying it as limiting factor in achieving high-precision indoor positioning. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of multi-band fusion to mitigate these offsets and explore the associated challenges in realizing accurate localization systems. Our findings offer insights into integration of RTT-multi-band to overcome the practical limitations of RTT technology.",

keywords = "Calibration Models, Multi-Band Fusion, RTT, Wi-Fi 6 GHz band",

author = "Sulami, \{Sultan Al\} and Tarig Ballal and Muhammad Moinuddin and Tareq Al-Naffouri",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025 ; Conference date: 28-04-2025 Through 01-05-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184",

language = "English",

series = "2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025",

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Sulami, SA, Ballal, T, Moinuddin, M & Al-Naffouri, T 2025, Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization. in 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025. 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 998-1006, 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025, Salt Lake City, United States, 28/04/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184

Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization. / Sulami, Sultan Al; Ballal, Tarig; Moinuddin, Muhammad et al.
2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. p. 998-1006 (2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Al-Naffouri, Tareq

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Indoor localization has emerged as a critical research area, driven by the growing need for accurate positioning in environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are unavailable. Wi-Fi Round-Trip Time (RTT) has shown promise for precise indoor positioning, but the presence of systematic offsets across frequency bands poses significant challenges to its accuracy and reliability. These offsets, arise with factors such as device heterogeneity, multipath propagation, and environmental interference, not only degrade RTT performance but also complicate its integration with RTT multi-band and other measurement sources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of RTT range offset across the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands, identifying it as limiting factor in achieving high-precision indoor positioning. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of multi-band fusion to mitigate these offsets and explore the associated challenges in realizing accurate localization systems. Our findings offer insights into integration of RTT-multi-band to overcome the practical limitations of RTT technology.

AB - Indoor localization has emerged as a critical research area, driven by the growing need for accurate positioning in environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are unavailable. Wi-Fi Round-Trip Time (RTT) has shown promise for precise indoor positioning, but the presence of systematic offsets across frequency bands poses significant challenges to its accuracy and reliability. These offsets, arise with factors such as device heterogeneity, multipath propagation, and environmental interference, not only degrade RTT performance but also complicate its integration with RTT multi-band and other measurement sources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of RTT range offset across the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands, identifying it as limiting factor in achieving high-precision indoor positioning. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of multi-band fusion to mitigate these offsets and explore the associated challenges in realizing accurate localization systems. Our findings offer insights into integration of RTT-multi-band to overcome the practical limitations of RTT technology.

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ER -

Sulami SA, Ballal T, Moinuddin M, Al-Naffouri T. Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization. In 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. p. 998-1006. (2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, PLANS 2025). doi: 10.1109/PLANS61210.2025.11028184

Wi-Fi RTT Range Offset and Multi-Band Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities for Indoor Localization

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this