Wax-based artificial superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings

Inspired by the superhydrophobicity of the waxy layer on lotus leaves, researchers are in constant pursuit in fabricating advanced wax-based superhydrophobic surfaces. This article comprehensively reviews reported studies on human-made superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings where natural or synthetic hydrocarbon waxes are employed. Followed by a brief introduction on superhydrophobicity and waxes, available information on wax-incorporated superhydrophobic surfaces are systematically presented based on their application area, viz. anti-corrosion and anti-fouling, paper and textile, wood and plastic, food industry, oil separation, and others. Wax-based superoleophobic surfaces are also described. Both wax-only cases and wax-incorporated formulations along with polymers, ceramic nanomaterials and carbon nanostructures are covered. Future scopes of R & D presented.