Abstract
The scarcity of clean water resources leads to many scientific and technological advancements in wastewater treatment processes. The recalcitrance of heavy metals in wastewater has been proven to be a challenging concern. Therefore, there is a need for more water treatment technologies to completely remove heavy metals down to a non-hazardous level. In this article, current development in recent waste-water treatment technologies to remove heavy metals has been reviewed and summarized. This review evaluates the state-of-the-art removal processes, including chemical precipitation, photocatalysis, flotation, ion exchange, remediation, electrochemical treatment, adsorption, membrane technologies, and coagulation/flocculation. These processes are leading technologies with industrial efficiency and practical feasibility. In general, the key factors in selecting the most appropriate process for wastewater treatment are the cost required and characteristics of wastewater plus the applicability of the process.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 100617 |
| Journal | Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management |
| Volume | 17 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation -
SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Keywords
- Electrochemical
- Environment
- Flocculation
- Flotation
- Membrane technologies
- Metals
- Treatment
- Water technology
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science (miscellaneous)
- Water Science and Technology
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Pollution
- Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
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