Wastewater treatment using membrane-based separation with carbon nanotubes

Organic wastewater treatment is critical, and carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane-based absorbent materials hold great promise because of their high unambiguous surface region, mesoporous structure, configurable surface properties, and outstanding chemical stability. Because of these properties may withstand harsh wastewater conditions such as acidic, essential, and salty environments at high concentrations or temperatures, the effectiveness of CNT nanoparticles in organic wastewater systems for removing heavy metals and organic dyes has been the subject of much investigation. However, there are still engineering barriers to their general usage. The atomic and molecular adsorption mechanisms of CNTs, their hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface qualities, and the relationship between structure and property necessary for adsorption are all discussed in this chapter. Second, CNT adsorbents for various organic wastewater systems and structural change and recombination techniques are introduced. Third, engineering challenges include creating macroscopically stable adsorbents and their use in separating water and oil, removing heavy metals and dyes, and removing emerging pollutants from wastewater. After examining the materials’ scalability and practical usage, cost issues are eventually considered. The limitations and potential of CNT-based membranes were also investigated.