Vanadium-Based Catalyst Composition for CO2-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

A method of making an active catalyst composition includes mixing at least one support with a vanadium oxide precursor and grinding thereby at least partially embedding the vanadium oxide precursor particles in different layers and surfaces of the at least one support to form a first precursor; mixing the first precursor and a first solvent to form a first mixture; grinding the first mixture and drying at a temperature of 60 to 105° C.; calcining the first mixture after the drying at a temperature of at least 300° C. thereby allowing the vanadium oxide precursor particles embedded in different layers and surfaces of the at least one support to decompose in situ to generate vanadium oxide (VOx) particles embedded in the at least one support and form the first vanadium catalyst; and mixing the first vanadium catalyst with a second vanadium catalyst to form the active catalyst composition.