User priorities for inclusive urban park design in a developing country: A case study of Lahore, Pakistan

Urban parks are crucial for supporting physical health, mental well-being, and social interactions. However, in many developing countries, these benefits are limited by the absence of inclusive design features that enable all groups to participate equally. We examined user priorities for inclusive park design in Lahore, Pakistan, which is a megacity experiencing rapid urbanization and limited access to green spaces. A questionnaire survey was administered and yielded 455 valid responses. The data were analyzed using a weighted index scoring method. The findings highlight that users prioritize basic inclusive features such as clear signage, barrier-free pathways, accessible sanitation facilities, and shaded seating over advanced technological elements such as auto-sensing lights or emergency rescue systems. These results underline the need to focus on design elements that directly enhance accessibility, comfort, and usability for women, older adults, and persons with disabilities. Based on valid responses collected from urban public parks in Lahore, this study recommends user-centered and practical interventions to strengthen inclusivity in park planning in Lahore and other cities in the Global South. These findings contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3 on good health and well-being, Goal 10 on reduced inequality, and Goal 11 on sustainable cities and communities.