Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Radiation Detection Concept: A State of Art Overview of Recent Advances

The increasing proliferation and accessibility of radioactive sources necessitates rapid, safe, and efficient methods of radiation detection without direct exposure. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become potential instruments for radiation detection due to their versatility and mobility. Passive and active detection methods are commonly used, with passive detection measuring natural radiation directly. Environmental factors like wind speed and direction are considered in system design to ensure accuracy and reliability. New techniques and approaches, such as spectroscopic analysis, machine learning, and hybridization, have been developed for optimal-level radiation detection with UAV-based systems. This study provides a state-of-the-art review of UAV-based radiation detection systems, focusing on the type of radiation systems, detection techniques, methodologies, application areas, and limitations. Proposed ways to improve performance and accuracy through further research studies are highlighted. Potential applications of UAV-based radiation detection systems include disaster response, environmental monitoring, and nuclear facility inspection. This comprehensive overview provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.