Ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based on dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of arsenic speciation in water and environmental samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A green and highly efficient deep eutectic solvent ultrasound-assisted liquid phase microextraction (DES-UALPME) method have been developed for speciation of As(III) and As(V). Extraction of As(III) was observed by using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as a chelating agent, choline chloride-phenol as extracting solvent and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as dispersive solvent. Arsenic concentration was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The developed procedure established on significant recoveries of As(III) and also As(V) recoveries were obtained as < 5%. Whereas the reduction of As(V) was achieved with potassium iodide and ascorbic acid. This technique was useful for the analysis of total arsenic. Whereas As(V) was originated as variation among total As and As(III) levels. The key factors affecting the microextraction efficiency including pH, ultrasonication time, and amount of ligand were studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), preconcentration factor (PF) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated as 10 ng L^− 1, 33 ng L^− 1, 25 and 4.3%, respectively. The accuracy of developed technique was carried through the analysis of certified reference materials. Technique was used for the speciation of As(III) and As(V) in water samples collected from Tokat, Turkey. It was also applied for the determination of total arsenic within food and environmental samples.