Trace Gases over Land and Ocean Surfaces of China: Hotspots, Trends, and Source Contributions

Md Arfan Ali; Yu Wang; Muhammad Bilal; Mazen E. Assiri; Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam; Guilherme Malafaia; Zhongwei Huang; Alaa Mhawish; M. Nazrul Islam; Zhongfeng Qiu; Rayees Ahmed; Mansour Almazroui

doi:10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0

Trace Gases over Land and Ocean Surfaces of China: Hotspots, Trends, and Source Contributions

Md Arfan Ali
, Yu Wang
, Muhammad Bilal
, Mazen E. Assiri
, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
, Guilherme Malafaia
, Zhongwei Huang^*
, Alaa Mhawish
, M. Nazrul Islam
, Zhongfeng Qiu
, Rayees Ahmed
, Mansour Almazroui

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Trace gases in the atmosphere (NO₂: nitrogen dioxide; SO₂: sulfur dioxide) have a major impact on both local and global air quality, human health, climate and ecological conditions. Therefore, the present study investigated 16 years (2005– 2020) of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) based NO₂ and SO₂ in Dobson unit (DU) spatiotemporal distributions and variability, SO₂/NO₂ ratio, trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) across ocean and land areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Results demonstrated higher NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations (DU) over land (NO₂: 0.58 and SO₂: 0.56) than in the ocean (NO₂: 0.30 and SO₂: 0.38) due to more concentrated anthropogenic activities on land surfaces. There were significant seasonal variations in NO₂ and SO₂, with winter being the highest and summer being the lowest. The SO₂/NO₂ ratio shows land and ocean pollution is caused by NO₂ and SO₂ emissions from ships and industrial processes. Furthermore, OMI-based trace gases and anthropogenic emissions showed a good correlation (NO₂ vs NO_x = 0.626 and SO₂ vs SO₂ emission = 0.871) across land surfaces than the ocean (NO₂ vs NO_x = 0.366). NO₂ and SO₂ levels over land surfaces decreased significantly (at a 95% confidence level) compared to the ocean on annual and seasonal scales, which is attributed to a decrease in NO_x and SO₂ emissions. Furthermore, PSCF analysis shows that local sources have a greater impact on air quality than long-distance sources over land and ocean. It is concluded from this study that Chinese air pollution control policies achieved a satisfactory improvement in Jiangsu's air quality by reducing NO₂ and SO₂. It is therefore recommended to continue or extend these policies in the future to improve China’s air quality, which will benefits its citizens.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	801-819
Number of pages	19
Journal	Earth Systems and Environment
Volume	7
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0
State	Published - Dec 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, King Abdulaziz University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
SDG 14 Life Below Water

Keywords

Air quality
Hotspots
Jiangsu Province in China
OMI
PSCF
Trace gases
Trends

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Global and Planetary Change
Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
Geology
Economic Geology
Computers in Earth Sciences

Access to Document

10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0

Cite this

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title = "Trace Gases over Land and Ocean Surfaces of China: Hotspots, Trends, and Source Contributions",

abstract = "Trace gases in the atmosphere (NO2: nitrogen dioxide; SO2: sulfur dioxide) have a major impact on both local and global air quality, human health, climate and ecological conditions. Therefore, the present study investigated 16 years (2005– 2020) of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) based NO2 and SO2 in Dobson unit (DU) spatiotemporal distributions and variability, SO2/NO2 ratio, trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) across ocean and land areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Results demonstrated higher NO2 and SO2 concentrations (DU) over land (NO2: 0.58 and SO2: 0.56) than in the ocean (NO2: 0.30 and SO2: 0.38) due to more concentrated anthropogenic activities on land surfaces. There were significant seasonal variations in NO2 and SO2, with winter being the highest and summer being the lowest. The SO2/NO2 ratio shows land and ocean pollution is caused by NO2 and SO2 emissions from ships and industrial processes. Furthermore, OMI-based trace gases and anthropogenic emissions showed a good correlation (NO2 vs NOx = 0.626 and SO2 vs SO2 emission = 0.871) across land surfaces than the ocean (NO2 vs NOx = 0.366). NO2 and SO2 levels over land surfaces decreased significantly (at a 95\% confidence level) compared to the ocean on annual and seasonal scales, which is attributed to a decrease in NOx and SO2 emissions. Furthermore, PSCF analysis shows that local sources have a greater impact on air quality than long-distance sources over land and ocean. It is concluded from this study that Chinese air pollution control policies achieved a satisfactory improvement in Jiangsu's air quality by reducing NO2 and SO2. It is therefore recommended to continue or extend these policies in the future to improve China{\textquoteright}s air quality, which will benefits its citizens.",

keywords = "Air quality, Hotspots, Jiangsu Province in China, OMI, PSCF, Trace gases, Trends",

author = "Ali, \{Md Arfan\} and Yu Wang and Muhammad Bilal and Assiri, \{Mazen E.\} and Islam, \{Abu Reza Md Towfiqul\} and Guilherme Malafaia and Zhongwei Huang and Alaa Mhawish and Islam, \{M. Nazrul\} and Zhongfeng Qiu and Rayees Ahmed and Mansour Almazroui",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, King Abdulaziz University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

pages = "801--819",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Trace Gases over Land and Ocean Surfaces of China

T2 - Hotspots, Trends, and Source Contributions

AU - Ali, Md Arfan

AU - Wang, Yu

AU - Bilal, Muhammad

AU - Assiri, Mazen E.

AU - Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul

AU - Malafaia, Guilherme

AU - Huang, Zhongwei

AU - Mhawish, Alaa

AU - Islam, M. Nazrul

AU - Qiu, Zhongfeng

AU - Ahmed, Rayees

AU - Almazroui, Mansour

PY - 2023/12

Y1 - 2023/12

N2 - Trace gases in the atmosphere (NO2: nitrogen dioxide; SO2: sulfur dioxide) have a major impact on both local and global air quality, human health, climate and ecological conditions. Therefore, the present study investigated 16 years (2005– 2020) of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) based NO2 and SO2 in Dobson unit (DU) spatiotemporal distributions and variability, SO2/NO2 ratio, trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) across ocean and land areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Results demonstrated higher NO2 and SO2 concentrations (DU) over land (NO2: 0.58 and SO2: 0.56) than in the ocean (NO2: 0.30 and SO2: 0.38) due to more concentrated anthropogenic activities on land surfaces. There were significant seasonal variations in NO2 and SO2, with winter being the highest and summer being the lowest. The SO2/NO2 ratio shows land and ocean pollution is caused by NO2 and SO2 emissions from ships and industrial processes. Furthermore, OMI-based trace gases and anthropogenic emissions showed a good correlation (NO2 vs NOx = 0.626 and SO2 vs SO2 emission = 0.871) across land surfaces than the ocean (NO2 vs NOx = 0.366). NO2 and SO2 levels over land surfaces decreased significantly (at a 95% confidence level) compared to the ocean on annual and seasonal scales, which is attributed to a decrease in NOx and SO2 emissions. Furthermore, PSCF analysis shows that local sources have a greater impact on air quality than long-distance sources over land and ocean. It is concluded from this study that Chinese air pollution control policies achieved a satisfactory improvement in Jiangsu's air quality by reducing NO2 and SO2. It is therefore recommended to continue or extend these policies in the future to improve China’s air quality, which will benefits its citizens.

AB - Trace gases in the atmosphere (NO2: nitrogen dioxide; SO2: sulfur dioxide) have a major impact on both local and global air quality, human health, climate and ecological conditions. Therefore, the present study investigated 16 years (2005– 2020) of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) based NO2 and SO2 in Dobson unit (DU) spatiotemporal distributions and variability, SO2/NO2 ratio, trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) across ocean and land areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Results demonstrated higher NO2 and SO2 concentrations (DU) over land (NO2: 0.58 and SO2: 0.56) than in the ocean (NO2: 0.30 and SO2: 0.38) due to more concentrated anthropogenic activities on land surfaces. There were significant seasonal variations in NO2 and SO2, with winter being the highest and summer being the lowest. The SO2/NO2 ratio shows land and ocean pollution is caused by NO2 and SO2 emissions from ships and industrial processes. Furthermore, OMI-based trace gases and anthropogenic emissions showed a good correlation (NO2 vs NOx = 0.626 and SO2 vs SO2 emission = 0.871) across land surfaces than the ocean (NO2 vs NOx = 0.366). NO2 and SO2 levels over land surfaces decreased significantly (at a 95% confidence level) compared to the ocean on annual and seasonal scales, which is attributed to a decrease in NOx and SO2 emissions. Furthermore, PSCF analysis shows that local sources have a greater impact on air quality than long-distance sources over land and ocean. It is concluded from this study that Chinese air pollution control policies achieved a satisfactory improvement in Jiangsu's air quality by reducing NO2 and SO2. It is therefore recommended to continue or extend these policies in the future to improve China’s air quality, which will benefits its citizens.

KW - Air quality

KW - Hotspots

KW - Jiangsu Province in China

KW - OMI

KW - PSCF

KW - Trace gases

KW - Trends

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U2 - 10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0

DO - 10.1007/s41748-023-00354-0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85176812141

SN - 2509-9426

VL - 7

SP - 801

EP - 819

JO - Earth Systems and Environment

JF - Earth Systems and Environment

IS - 4

ER -

Trace Gases over Land and Ocean Surfaces of China: Hotspots, Trends, and Source Contributions

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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