Towards net-zero carbon cooling: A comprehensive study on PCM-integrated condenser and green hydrogen power supply in air conditioning systems

This study addresses the critical need for improved efficiency and sustainability in air conditioning (AC) systems, particularly in hot climates where cooling demand and carbon emissions are high. To this end, the research evaluates three distinct cases: Case I involves an AC unit operating solely on grid electricity, highlighting the substantial energy consumption associated with high ambient temperatures. Case II examines the same AC unit but integrates a phase change material (PCM) with the condenser, effectively reducing energy consumption by lowering the condenser temperature, resulting in a notable decrease in compressor energy use and extending its operational lifespan. The study found that this integration leads to a cooling load and power consumption reduction of 5.72 % and 9.46 % in hot conditions and 19.54 % and 21.71 % in moderate climates, respectively, with an average improvement in the coefficient of performance (COP) ranging from 3.5 % to 5.88 %. Finally, Case III explores a standalone AC unit powered by a green hydrogen system, also incorporating PCM, which facilitates energy self-dependency by effectively storing winter electricity for summer use. The findings underscore the potential of integrating renewable energy sources and advanced materials like PCM to significantly enhance AC system performance, reduce power consumption, and guide the development of next-generation, low-emission cooling technologies suitable for various climatic conditions. This work contributes valuable insights into sustainable cooling solutions that can mitigate environmental impacts while meeting increasing energy demands.