Thermo-MHD analysis of maxwell nanofluid squeezing lubrication in non-darcy porous media with dual stratification and joule heating effects

In this numerical investigation, the behavior of unsteady Maxwell nanofluid with non-Darcy porous medium with double stratified squeezing flow is discussed. The effects of Joule heating and thermal radiation are considered simultaneously in the model. The mathematical model incorporates Brownian motion, thermophoresis and convective boundary conditions. To capture realistic inertial resistances, the governing equations are simplified using the boundary layer approximation. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables and solved through the Bvp4c scheme. The numerical simulation is carried out systematically to analysis the effects of the squeezing parameter S_q, Hartmann number M, Darcy number Da, local inertia coefficient α₁ and double stratification parameter γ₁,γ₂ on the velocity, temperature and concentration distribution. The results indicate that the velocity profile f^′η rises with the squeezing parameterS_q, Darcy number Da, and local inertia coefficient α₁, with f^′η by approximately 35% 15% and 10% rise for S_q, Da and α₁ respectively. The Hartmann numberM reduces the f^′η about 20% near the lower plate while increasing it by 30% near the upper plate. Fluid concentration ϕη declines with the Lewis number Leis about 32%, solutal stratification parameter S₂is approximately 51% and thermophoresis parameter N_t is about 10% reducing on the surface. Moreover, the Brownian motion parameter N_b increases the ϕη nearly 17% and solutal Biot number γ₂ is raised by about 76%. The Joule heating substantially raises the surface temperatureθη by 8% near the free-stream edge. The drag force increases sharply with controlling parameters like S_q,M,Da and α₁ on the surface. Results from the study are valuable data to aid in the development of modern heat transfer technology and in the development and enhancement of lubrication engineering, polymer processing, aerospace industry and medical technology.