Thermo-fluidic behavior and entropy interpretation of ternary hybrid nanofluid inside an inclined domain having semi-circular heater and triangle-shaped corrugated walls

The present work deals with thermal aspect and entropy of ternary hybrid nanofluid (Graphene, Al₂O₃, and MWCNT as nanoparticles and water as base fluid) inside an inclined domain considering heat generation/absorption. The domain possesses triangle-shaped corrugated walls with variable height and a semi-circular heater located on its bottom wall. Finite element method (FEM) is employed to acquire a well-defined solution of the non-dimensional governing equations along with the boundary conditions. The influence of the pertinent parameters along with their ranges (0.2≤b≤0.3), (10⁵≤Ra≤10⁶), (0^o≤η≤90^o), (−1≤Hs≤1) has been studied. Some striking outcomes of the present investigation are that streamlines and entropy generation (En_T) peter out while local Nusselt number (Nu_loc) and average Bejan number (Be_ave) ameliorate with rise in dimensionless height of the corrugated wall (b). The absolute maximum values of vertical and horizontal velocities of ternary hybrid nanofluid enhance by 96.47 % and 29.5 %, respectively, when inclination angle (η) increases from 45^o to 90^o. It is visualized that Nusselt number is maximum subject to heat sink while it attains a minimum value in response to heat source. Because of triangle shaped corrugated walls and ternary hybrid nanofluid, the present problem contributes superior cooling in thermal systems featured with such complex geometry in industries.