Thermal performance analysis of Al₂O₃/R-134a nanorefrigerant

Nowadays, nanofluids are being considered as an efficient heat transfer fluid in various thermal applications. Refrigerant-based nanofluids, termed as "nanorefrigerants", have the potential to improve the heat transfer performances of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. This study analyzed the thermophysical properties and their effects on the coefficient of performance (COP) resulted by addition of 5 vol.% Al₂O₃ nanoparticles into R-134a refrigerant at temperatures of 283-308 K. The analysis has been done for a uniform mass flux through a horizontal smooth tube using established correlations. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and density of Al₂O₃/R-134a nanorefrigerant increased about 28.58%, 13.68%, and 11%, respectively compared to the base refrigerant (R-134a) for the same temperature. On the other hand, specific heat of nanorefrigerant is slightly lower than that of R-134a. Moreover, Al₂O₃/R-134a nanorefrigerant shows the highest COP of 15%, 3.2%, and 2.6% for thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat, respectively compared to R-134a refrigerant. Therefore, application of nanoparticles in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems is promising to improve the performances of the systems.