Thermal management of lithium battery packs affected by phase change materials as the heat stored in the residential heating unit

Heat transfer in a duct, between air and a battery pack numerically and using Comsol software, is the subject of this article. The duct has two separate air inlets and a battery pack in the middle. All batteries are made of lithium-ion and are placed in a PCM housing in a circular shape. The (Re) of air in the duct varied between 100 and 400, and the time of transient study was 200 min. Simultaneously, a cool environment is used to resemble a domestic building. Using Design Builder software, the thermal energy (TLEY) needed for this structure was determined yearly in various seasons. The TLEY produced in the batteries is used to heat the house, and then, it is calculated what percentage of the energy required by the house can be supplied by the battery. The results of this paper clearly indicate that the maximum and average battery temperature (T-Bt) cells in the duct increase at the beginning of the process and then decrease. After this period, depending on the amount of (Re) of air in the duct, no variations in the T-Bt are detected after a specific duration. The fixed duration of the battery temperature grew as the (Re) level increased, while the T-Bt decreased. The outlet air temperature and the average PCM fraction of the melt also remain constant after the initial decrease, after a certain time. Increasing the (Re) rate reduces the quantity of exhaust air temperature and the PCM fraction of the melt. Thus, ideally, 13.83% of the required TLEY can be supplied from the batteries in the required seasons.