Theoretical potential estimation and multi-objective optimization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) biodiesel powered diesel engine at variable injection timings

The high energy demand along with the fast diminution of fossil fuel reserves as well escalation of carcinogenic emissions leading to global warming has initiated a pragmatic shift in the direction of the adoption of biofuels. In this regard, the present work investigates the twin influence of injection timing and load on the performance, exergy, and emission analysis for a Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) biodiesel-run diesel engine. Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used for modeling, prediction, and to investigate the optimal value of the operating parameters of the engine. A single-cylinder, water-cooled research test engine with a maximum load capacity of 3.5 kW is considered for experimentation. The operating parameters, four different injection timings (20° bTDC, 23° bTDC, 25° bTDC, 28° bTDC), and five different load conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) are considered for the test. The performance, exergy, and emission analysis conclude that the injection timing of 20° bTDC gives improved fuel conversion efficiency as well as reduced exergy destruction and lower emissions for Water Hyacinth biodiesel run diesel engine. As per RSM, the best results were obtained at 81.25% engine load and 20° bTDC corroborating the findings of experimental research.