The synthesis and characterization of microporous, high surface area activated carbon from palm seeds

R. A. Shawabkeh; M. Al-Harthi; S. M. Al-Ghamdi

doi:10.1080/15567036.2010.535103

The synthesis and characterization of microporous, high surface area activated carbon from palm seeds

R. A. Shawabkeh^*
, M. Al-Harthi
, S. M. Al-Ghamdi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

A high surface area, microporous activated carbon was prepared from palm seeds using chemical and physical activation methods. Samples of powdered palm seeds were treated with different concentrations of phosphoric and nitric acid at 160°C, followed by physical activation using CO₂ at 550°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis of the carbon treated with acids has a low surface area (27 cm²/g) using nitrogen at 77.35 K, whereas only mesopore structures were opened by an acid mixture. Further physical treatment by CO₂ provided a high surface area of 1,440 m²/g and the pore volume distribution illustrated a micropore structure with a mean pore of 1 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated the presence of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactoine groups on the surface of these activated carbon samples where the obtained zero point of charge (pHZP_C) for this material was 4.89.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	93-103
Number of pages	11
Journal	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects
Volume	36
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2010.535103
State	Published - 2 Jan 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM Fast Track Project No. SB080021) for this work and the Chemical Engineering Department at KFUPM for carrying out the experimental and analytical work in its laboratories.

Keywords

Activated carbon
Chemical activation
Micropore
Palm seeds
Physical activation
Surface area

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

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10.1080/15567036.2010.535103

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title = "The synthesis and characterization of microporous, high surface area activated carbon from palm seeds",

abstract = "A high surface area, microporous activated carbon was prepared from palm seeds using chemical and physical activation methods. Samples of powdered palm seeds were treated with different concentrations of phosphoric and nitric acid at 160°C, followed by physical activation using CO2 at 550°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis of the carbon treated with acids has a low surface area (27 cm2/g) using nitrogen at 77.35 K, whereas only mesopore structures were opened by an acid mixture. Further physical treatment by CO2 provided a high surface area of 1,440 m2/g and the pore volume distribution illustrated a micropore structure with a mean pore of 1 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated the presence of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactoine groups on the surface of these activated carbon samples where the obtained zero point of charge (pHZPC) for this material was 4.89.",

keywords = "Activated carbon, Chemical activation, Micropore, Palm seeds, Physical activation, Surface area",

author = "Shawabkeh, \{R. A.\} and M. Al-Harthi and Al-Ghamdi, \{S. M.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of King Fahd University of Petroleum \& Minerals (KFUPM Fast Track Project No. SB080021) for this work and the Chemical Engineering Department at KFUPM for carrying out the experimental and analytical work in its laboratories.",

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AU - Shawabkeh, R. A.

AU - Al-Harthi, M.

AU - Al-Ghamdi, S. M.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM Fast Track Project No. SB080021) for this work and the Chemical Engineering Department at KFUPM for carrying out the experimental and analytical work in its laboratories.

PY - 2014/1/2

Y1 - 2014/1/2

N2 - A high surface area, microporous activated carbon was prepared from palm seeds using chemical and physical activation methods. Samples of powdered palm seeds were treated with different concentrations of phosphoric and nitric acid at 160°C, followed by physical activation using CO2 at 550°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis of the carbon treated with acids has a low surface area (27 cm2/g) using nitrogen at 77.35 K, whereas only mesopore structures were opened by an acid mixture. Further physical treatment by CO2 provided a high surface area of 1,440 m2/g and the pore volume distribution illustrated a micropore structure with a mean pore of 1 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated the presence of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactoine groups on the surface of these activated carbon samples where the obtained zero point of charge (pHZPC) for this material was 4.89.

AB - A high surface area, microporous activated carbon was prepared from palm seeds using chemical and physical activation methods. Samples of powdered palm seeds were treated with different concentrations of phosphoric and nitric acid at 160°C, followed by physical activation using CO2 at 550°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis of the carbon treated with acids has a low surface area (27 cm2/g) using nitrogen at 77.35 K, whereas only mesopore structures were opened by an acid mixture. Further physical treatment by CO2 provided a high surface area of 1,440 m2/g and the pore volume distribution illustrated a micropore structure with a mean pore of 1 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated the presence of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactoine groups on the surface of these activated carbon samples where the obtained zero point of charge (pHZPC) for this material was 4.89.

KW - Activated carbon

KW - Chemical activation

KW - Micropore

KW - Palm seeds

KW - Physical activation

KW - Surface area

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JO - Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects

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IS - 1

ER -

The synthesis and characterization of microporous, high surface area activated carbon from palm seeds

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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