The role of laser ablation technique parameters in synthesis of nanoparticles from different target types

Optimized synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) increased the production of ultrapure and perfectly spherical NPs with small(er) average sizes. Many methods have been reported in the literature for synthesizing NPs, with sizes of 0.01–310 nm. Laser ablation is a well-known NP preparation method. It is regarded as a physical method that needs to be carried out in a controlled setting to obtain ultrapure NPs. Most studies on laser ablation involve the preparation of many types of NPs via the utilization of multiple targets. Since laser pulse parameters, laser focusing parameters, and the medium of ablation are essential factors influencing the synthesis of NPs (size, shape, and distribution), this study comprehensively reviews their effect to classify and organize them for use by interested researchers.