The Potential Applications of Phase Change Materials in Building Materials: A Comprehensive Review

The construction industry is increasingly adopting innovative materials to enhance structural durability and sustainability. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), a widely used construction material, is a significant contributor to CO₂ emissions, raising concerns about its environmental impact. Phase change materials (PCMs) have gained attention as a promising solution for improving energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort in buildings. This review explores the applications of PCMs in construction materials, focusing on their ability to regulate indoor temperatures, reduce energy consumption, and enhance thermal energy storage. The study also examines various PCM types, incorporation methods, and their role in advancing sustainable building practices by minimizing the environmental footprint of traditional materials like OPC. Findings highlight that the integration of PCMs can significantly enhance energy efficiency, reduce reliance on mechanical heating and cooling systems, and improve occupant comfort. Despite their potential, challenges such as compatibility with cementitious systems, cost, and long-term performance remain critical. The review emphasizes future research directions to overcome these limitations and optimize PCM use, positioning them as a transformative solution for sustainable construction.