The anorogenic late Ediacaran granite-rhyolite porphyries of Gabal Abu Durba, Sinai: termination of magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield crust

Anorogenic magmatism in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield occurred during a long-lasting crustal extension event (<580 Ma), which succeeded the formation of the Pan-African orogenic belt in NE Africa and Arabia. Late Neoproterozoic anorogenic felsic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks, along with post-collisional granitoid suites, are exposed in the Gabal Abu Durba mountain range along the eastern flank of the Gulf of Suez in Sinai. These rocks include granite and rhyolite porphyries, metaluminous to weakly peralkaline with distinct potassic alkaline and ferroan affinities. Major and trace element characteristics such as K₂O/MgO >16, total alkalis >8.5 wt.%, (K₂O + Na₂O)/CaO >10, agpaitic index (NK/A) >0.85 and Zr (>250 ppm), Nb (>20 ppm), Y (>80 ppm), Zn (>100 ppm) and Ce (>100 ppm), and 10,000 × Ga/Al >2.6 and [Zr + Nb + Y + Ce] >350 ppm are suggestive of an A-type granite genesis. Zircon U-Pb dating of two representative samples returned crystallization ages of 569 ± 2.6 Ma and 561.7 ± 3.2 Ma for granite and rhyolite porphyries, respectively. The melting temperatures estimated at 997–1020°C are consistent with high-temperature liquidus conditions. Fractional crystallization, coupled with less significant crustal assimilation, was likely the main mechanism of formation of these rocks from a common primitive asthenospheric mantle-derived trachytic magma in an anorogenic intra-plate setting. The A-type alkali granite and rhyolite porphyries of Gabal Abu Durba are manifestations of mantle upwelling and lower crust underplating in the late Ediacaran anorogenic stage. These felsic subvolcanic intrusions (≈ 569–562 Ma) along with their volcanic counterparts constitute a new unmatched rock unit that most probably represent the last chapter of the anorogenic magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield crust before the beginning of Phanerozoic era.