Tetra blended based hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells

In this paper, we investigated the effects of mixing TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in the photoactive layer of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells. Different weight ratios of TiO₂, ZnO nanoparticles and PCBM were mixed, keeping the constant ratio of P3HT to form blend for deposition of active layer using xylene as a solvent. The mixing of both nanoparticles in the active layer of P3HT:PCBM increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. The optical absorption was enhanced in the visible region with the addition of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in the active layer. The roughness of the active layer was increased with increasing amount of nanoparticles in the active layer blend. The metal oxides nanoparticles were found to agglomerate as their concentration increases than PCBM in the active layer and completely agglomerate in the absence of PCBM.