Technological social responsibility: A stakeholder theory-based measurement scale

Considering the blurred understanding of technological social responsibility (TSR) and the scarcity of research in this domain, it is high time for a reliable and valid measurement to assess how firms are executing different facets of this phenomenon. Illustrated using stakeholder theory and five separate samples obtained from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, China and Malaysia, this study offers a valid measurement scale for TSR relating to specific policies and activities designed to contribute to the welfare of diverse stakeholders, taking into consideration employee-, customer-, supplier-, social-, environmental-, and shareholder-orientation within an organizational context. Current empirical evidence on the basis of exploratory factor analysis, a series of confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling, confirms the convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of this newly-established TSR scale. Using a time-lagged study, this study also enriches stakeholder theory by exhibiting that the higher-order TSR construct significantly and indirectly relates to organizational commitment through organizational pride, going beyond the contribution of the orientation towards technological justice. This newly-developed scale can be used in future research and thus further contribute to advancing knowledge in the field of social responsibility.