Techno-economic configuration of a hybrid backup system within a microgrid considering vehicle-to-grid technology: A case study of a remote area

This paper assesses the feasibility of the hybrid backup system within the microgrid that incorporates vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. The proposed strategy is verified through a real case study in a remote area of Egypt. Several operating configurations for the hybrid backup system are studied. In this study, the proposed backup sources are the battery energy storage system (BESS), the hydrogen energy storage system (HESS), and the electric vehicle battery (EVB). To improve the robustness and reliability of the system, an enhanced power management strategy for the hybrid backup system is implemented. The main objectives are to minimize the operational costs, the wasted energy in the dummy load, and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The optimization problem is performed using the african vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA). The results clearly indicate that the proposed AVOA outperforms other recent algorithms, specifically the reptile search algorithm (RSA) and the snake optimizer (SO). The AVOA shows a 14.377 % reduction in computational time compared to the RSA, while it is nearly equal to the computational time of SO. Based on the technical and economic analysis, the configuration that combines the three backup sources has superiority over the other configurations. When using AVOA, the cumulative operating cost throughout the day for this configuration is approximately 13066.21$. The BESS/EVB backup system has an operating cost of 13120.66 $, while the BESS/HESS and BESS backup systems have operating costs of 13084.27 $ and 13,085 $, respectively. Regarding accuracy, the three algorithms achieve close results.