Tailored NiO-pBOA-GNP ternary nanocomposite: Advances in flexible supercapacitors and practical applications for wearable technology and environmental monitoring

This study showcases the practical application of a tailored NiO-pBOA-GNP ternary nanocomposite in flexible supercapacitors with a focus on real-world utility. Employing a cost-effective in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method, nickel oxide (NiO), polybenzoxazole (pBOA), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were successfully integrated to create a well-defined structure with a uniform distribution. In the realm of practical applications, the fabricated flexible supercapacitor demonstrated exceptional versatility by effectively powering various devices. As an example, for environmental monitoring, the supercapacitor was utilized to power a temperature and humidity sensor for about 600 s, showcasing its promise for dependable and sustainable energy solutions. This integration addresses the growing need for effective and portable power sources, particularly in wearable technology and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, in the context of LED applications, a practical configuration comprising four fabricated supercapacitors connected in series efficiently powered a red LED. Supplied with a 2.4 V charge, the LED emitted luminous brightness lasting for 180 s. This practical demonstration provides valuable insights into the device's capabilities and potential applications in energy storage, portable, or flexible electronics. The success in powering commercial LEDs highlights the promising nature of the device and the symmetric structure of the NiO-pBOA-GNP nanocomposite, characterized by an extensive specific surface area and increased porosity, contributes to superior supercapacitive attributes. The incorporation of GNP plays a dual role by encapsulating NiO nanostructures, fostering robust synergy, and enhancing the conductivity and stability of the resultant nanocomposite. Moreover, the amalgamation of symmetrical NiO-pBOA-GNP electrodes utilizing a gel polymer electrolyte significantly extends the voltage range, flexibility, versatility, and promising electrochemical performance.