Synthesis and structure of calcium-tin hybrid microparticles from egg shell and investigation of their thermal behavior and catalytic application

In this work calcium hexa hydroxo stannate (IV) [CaSn(OH)₆] microparticles are synthesized by sonication method in aqueous medium. The morphology of product is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The composition and unit cell parameters of product are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The structural model of CaSn(OH)₆ is also predicted on the basis of XRD results. The thermal properties (i.e., thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat) of product are measured at different temperatures ranging from 300 K to 533 K. The relation between thermal conductivity and temperature is modeled on the basis of experimental values. Moreover different models are observed for high and low temperature ranges. The synthesized product is also used as additive in commercial fuel. The effect of additive on combustion and physical characteristics of fuel are tested. These characteristics are studied in the presence of 10, 20 and 40 ppm of additive. The values of these characteristics are affected by the dosage of additive.