Synergistic effect of various nanoparticles infused biodiesel/diesel blends on combustion, performance, and environmental characteristics of a CI engine

The growing demand for sustainable and green alternatives to conventional diesel has driven the search of biodiesel blends, with nanoparticle additives improving combustion efficiency and emission reduction. This study explores the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine using biodiesel-diesel blended with graphene oxide (GO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The B20 biodiesel blend was prepared with 80 % diesel and 20 % waste cooking oil-driven biodiesel, and the nanoparticles were added at 90 ppm using a water bath sonicator for proper dispersion. Engine tests were conducted under variable load conditions for test blends (B20, B20+GO, B20+MgO, and B20+MWCNT) and compared with baseline diesel (D100). The results exhibited substantial enhancements in engine performance and combustion efficiency for nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel blends as compared to D100 and B20 blends without nanoparticles. The B20+MWCNT blend achieved a 12.40 % higher BTE and a 9.67 % lower in BSFC compared to baseline diesel. Additionally, this blend presented higher heat release rate (HRR), peak cylinder pressure (PCP), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Emission reductions were observed, with CO, CO₂, UBHC, and NO_x emissions decreasing by 60 %, 16 %, 36.84 %, and 9.02 %, respectively, compared to baseline diesel at full load condition. The study emphasizes the potential of nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel blends to enhance engine efficiency while reducing harmful emissions.