Synergetic effects of nanohybrids in cement-based materials

Incorporating hybrid nanomaterials into cement-based materials has recently gained attention for enhancing mechanical properties and durability through synergistic effects. This review uses bibliometric analysis to explore hybrid nanomaterial research, highlighting trends, key publications, and active groups. The analysis reveals a marked increase in publications since 2018, reflecting the rising interest in hybrid nanomaterial-enhanced cement composites. The review also presents a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the primary hybrid nanomaterials emphasizing their contributions to mechanical performance. Key characteristics, such as morphology, particle size, and dispersion quality, are shown to play a crucial role in optimizing these materials’ effectiveness, primarily through nucleation and filling effects that enhance hydration kinetics and reduce voids. These synergistic effects improve compressive strength (up to 125 %), flexural strength (up to 30 %), tensile strength (up to 40 %), and other critical properties. Scalability and durability are key challenges for hybrid nanomaterials, requiring further research for sustainable cement-based materials.