Sustainable energy transition in the 21st century

The global energy scenario is experiencing an unprecedented transition in the 21st century. The transition is in response to the challenges such as surging energy demand, depleting fossil fuel reserves, escalating energy prices, lack of universal access to energy, and, above all, climate change. Since the industrial revolution, the global energy scenario has greatly evolved to support the technological and socioeconomic advancements. The transition energy sector is going through now, however, is extremely vibrant and intriguing. This chapter discusses the issue of climate change and its relationship with the energy sector. It also discusses the ongoing energy transition covering its four major dimensions: decarbonization, decentralization, decreasing use of energy, and digitalization.