Sustainable energy prospects: Advancements in green hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The imperative challenge for future socio-economic development lies in substituting fossil fuels with sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy sources and carriers. Hydrogen emerges as a frontrunner in this pursuit. Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) stands out as a key technology for the sustainable generation of green hydrogen from water and intermittent renewable energy sources. The compact system design, high operating current density, elevated hydrogen purity, enhanced energy efficiency, and swift response, when integrated with renewable energy, make PEM water electrolysis particularly promising. This review provides a succinct overview of PEMWE technology, encompassing technical specifications, hydrogen market dynamics, and production costs, focusing on the commercial perspective. Additionally, we delve into the critical research surrounding PEM degradation mechanisms and strategies to augment PEMWE efficiency, essential pillars for technological progression. The review highlights notable research findings, addressing gaps and challenges that need to be addressed to overcome cost reduction and successful commercialization.