Surfactant applications in oil and gas industry: Efficiency, toxicity, and remediation techniques

Herein, an overview of the utilization of surfactants in the petroleum industry is presented. Generally, surfactants have demonstrated sterling performance as an additive in drilling fluids, emulsification and demulsification process, corrosion inhibitors, oil remediation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Firstly, existing and new classes of surfactants applied in the oil and gas industry were appraised. Thereafter, the mechanism and efficiency of the surfactants during their application for various processes were assessed. From the review of literature, the molecular structure of a surfactant has a pronounced effect on the efficiency of their application in oil and gas processes. Also, the toxicity concern associated with their use and remediation techniques were elucidated. Finally, gaps in research were discerned and recommendations for future research were proffered.