Surface Modification of Metallic Biomaterials for Better Tribological Properties: A Review

Biomaterials are extensively used in the medical field for biological tissue replacement and internal support, such as joint replacement, dental roots, and orthopedic implants. The release of ions and lack of wear resistance of biomaterials result in implant loosening which leads to implant failure. Therefore, surface modification of such biomaterials is essential to ensure a prolonged implant life. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent developments in the evaluation of the tribological characteristics such as friction and wear of surface-modified metallic biomaterials. Surface modification reviewed include coatings such as poly(ethylene glycol)-like (tetraglyme), diamond-like carbon, Ti–C:H, tantalum, CNT-reinforced hydroxyapatite, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, and titanium nitride and micronite coatings and surface treatments such as ion implantation, Plasma-immersed ion implantation, carburization, and thermal oxidation have been discussed.