Study of energy storage technology approaches for mitigating wind power fluctuations to enhance smart grid resilience

Wind power integration has dramatically impacted the smart grid due to the rapid development of wind energy technology. Using the corresponding energy storage system may allow the smart grid to capture a more significant proportion of wind energy. This article discusses energy storage to mitigate wind power output fluctuations. It discusses battery technology, mechanical energy storage, flywheel energy storage, thermochemical, thermal, pumped energy storage, compressed air, hydrogen, chemical, and magnetic technology. Reviewing and categorizing several energy storage systems, along with comparative studies, helped us better understand their features, limitations, and advantages. Various energy storage system frameworks were also proposed based on their application. Information on grid-connected wind power fluctuations, energy storage, and mitigation topologies are also presented. New researchers interested in energy storage technologies will find guidance in this article. This article concludes that energy storage systems should be selected based on their characteristics and the type of fuel they use; no single system can meet all of the possible requirements to be considered an energy storage system of supreme importance.