Strategies for reducing CO₂ emissions under the framework of Sustainable Development Goals

This study investigates how economic complexity, environmental governance, and geopolitical threats interact to affect CO₂ emissions in OECD nations. The study proposes strategic options for energy transition by identifying the main drivers of carbon emissions and analyzing data from 1996 to 2019 using an asymmetric method and the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR) model. The results show that while geopolitical concerns increase environmental instability, economic complexity, and strong environmental governance are especially important in reducing emissions. Moreover, the report emphasizes governmental actions aligned with sustainable financing systems to assist low-carbon transitions. By providing focused advice for legislators to negotiate the complexity of decarburization while guaranteeing economic stability, the study adds to the increasing debate on energy strategy.