Smart grid infrastructure and renewable energy deployment: A conceptual review of Saudi Arabia

The transition towards smart grid introduces the potential for revolutionary changes in the present energy management systems. It provides the grid with the necessary functionalities to transform into a decentralized energy system, and integrate large-scale variable renewable energy sources with enhanced demand-side management. Saudi Arabia is among the countries with significant potential to generate electricity from renewable energy sources, especially solar. The development of smart energy, smart communication, and smart information systems to establish a state-of-the art smart grid that enables not only security and automation but also has the flexibility of integrating technological innovation in the upcoming years. The model developed is characterized as government-led, commercially-driven, based on technological readiness, and community-oriented with numerous projects systematically initiated targeting innovation, human resources development, and industrial viability. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the trends associated while considering the case scenario of the country and outlining the challenges and potential solutions with the establishment of smart grids.