Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X modified with metal borates

Balkrishna B. Tope; Wahab O. Alabi; Abdullah M. Aitani; Hideshi Hattori; Sulaiman S. Al-Khattaf

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003

Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X modified with metal borates

Balkrishna B. Tope
, Wahab O. Alabi
, Abdullah M. Aitani
, Hideshi Hattori^*
, Sulaiman S. Al-Khattaf

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X (Cs-X) was modified with metal borates to prepare efficient catalysts for side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene. The catalytic behavior of Cs-X was improved by the modification with metal borates such as zirconium borate, zinc borate, copper borate and lanthanum borate. Modification was performed by mechanical mixing of Cs-X and a metal borate in dry state followed by calcination. Significant enhancement of activity was observed for modification with zirconium borate and zinc borate. The selectivity to styrene was increased by modification with all metal borates. Modification with metal component or boron alone was not so effective as that with metal borate. The highest activity was obtained with the Cs-X modified with 10 wt% zirconium borate and calcined at 773 K. The high activity of metal borate-modified Cs-X is due to the ability to selectively form formaldehyde from methanol, which is suggested by appearance of clear IR peak at 1690 cm ^-1 assigned to unidentate formate species on adsorption of methanol. The basic sites and acidic sites of Cs-X were slightly weakened by modification with metal borates. It was revealed that mechanical mixing of Cs-X and metal borates followed by calcination is a good method to prepare Cs-X modified with both metal components and boron.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	214-220
Number of pages	7
Journal	Applied Catalysis A: General
Volume	443-444
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003
State	Published - 7 Nov 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST) for financial support of this research through Project #AR-30-253. The authors also appreciate the support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia in establishment of the Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals at KFUPM. H.H. wishes to thank the Japan Cooperation Center, Petroleum (JCCP) for financial support under the High-level Researcher Dispatching Program, JCCP.

Keywords

Metal borate-modified cesium ion-exchanged zeolite
Methanol
Side-chain alkylation
Styrene
Toluene

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Catalysis
Process Chemistry and Technology

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10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003

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@article{32b0165f6498496292d10a8d4aa95d8a,

title = "Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X modified with metal borates",

abstract = "Cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X (Cs-X) was modified with metal borates to prepare efficient catalysts for side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene. The catalytic behavior of Cs-X was improved by the modification with metal borates such as zirconium borate, zinc borate, copper borate and lanthanum borate. Modification was performed by mechanical mixing of Cs-X and a metal borate in dry state followed by calcination. Significant enhancement of activity was observed for modification with zirconium borate and zinc borate. The selectivity to styrene was increased by modification with all metal borates. Modification with metal component or boron alone was not so effective as that with metal borate. The highest activity was obtained with the Cs-X modified with 10 wt\% zirconium borate and calcined at 773 K. The high activity of metal borate-modified Cs-X is due to the ability to selectively form formaldehyde from methanol, which is suggested by appearance of clear IR peak at 1690 cm -1 assigned to unidentate formate species on adsorption of methanol. The basic sites and acidic sites of Cs-X were slightly weakened by modification with metal borates. It was revealed that mechanical mixing of Cs-X and metal borates followed by calcination is a good method to prepare Cs-X modified with both metal components and boron.",

keywords = "Metal borate-modified cesium ion-exchanged zeolite, Methanol, Side-chain alkylation, Styrene, Toluene",

author = "Tope, \{Balkrishna B.\} and Alabi, \{Wahab O.\} and Aitani, \{Abdullah M.\} and Hideshi Hattori and Al-Khattaf, \{Sulaiman S.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to King Abdulaziz City for Science \& Technology (KACST) for financial support of this research through Project \#AR-30-253. The authors also appreciate the support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia in establishment of the Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals at KFUPM. H.H. wishes to thank the Japan Cooperation Center, Petroleum (JCCP) for financial support under the High-level Researcher Dispatching Program, JCCP.",

year = "2012",

month = nov,

day = "7",

doi = "10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003",

language = "English",

volume = "443-444",

pages = "214--220",

journal = "Applied Catalysis A: General",

issn = "0926-860X",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X modified with metal borates

AU - Tope, Balkrishna B.

AU - Alabi, Wahab O.

AU - Aitani, Abdullah M.

AU - Hattori, Hideshi

AU - Al-Khattaf, Sulaiman S.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST) for financial support of this research through Project #AR-30-253. The authors also appreciate the support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia in establishment of the Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals at KFUPM. H.H. wishes to thank the Japan Cooperation Center, Petroleum (JCCP) for financial support under the High-level Researcher Dispatching Program, JCCP.

PY - 2012/11/7

Y1 - 2012/11/7

N2 - Cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X (Cs-X) was modified with metal borates to prepare efficient catalysts for side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene. The catalytic behavior of Cs-X was improved by the modification with metal borates such as zirconium borate, zinc borate, copper borate and lanthanum borate. Modification was performed by mechanical mixing of Cs-X and a metal borate in dry state followed by calcination. Significant enhancement of activity was observed for modification with zirconium borate and zinc borate. The selectivity to styrene was increased by modification with all metal borates. Modification with metal component or boron alone was not so effective as that with metal borate. The highest activity was obtained with the Cs-X modified with 10 wt% zirconium borate and calcined at 773 K. The high activity of metal borate-modified Cs-X is due to the ability to selectively form formaldehyde from methanol, which is suggested by appearance of clear IR peak at 1690 cm -1 assigned to unidentate formate species on adsorption of methanol. The basic sites and acidic sites of Cs-X were slightly weakened by modification with metal borates. It was revealed that mechanical mixing of Cs-X and metal borates followed by calcination is a good method to prepare Cs-X modified with both metal components and boron.

AB - Cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X (Cs-X) was modified with metal borates to prepare efficient catalysts for side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene. The catalytic behavior of Cs-X was improved by the modification with metal borates such as zirconium borate, zinc borate, copper borate and lanthanum borate. Modification was performed by mechanical mixing of Cs-X and a metal borate in dry state followed by calcination. Significant enhancement of activity was observed for modification with zirconium borate and zinc borate. The selectivity to styrene was increased by modification with all metal borates. Modification with metal component or boron alone was not so effective as that with metal borate. The highest activity was obtained with the Cs-X modified with 10 wt% zirconium borate and calcined at 773 K. The high activity of metal borate-modified Cs-X is due to the ability to selectively form formaldehyde from methanol, which is suggested by appearance of clear IR peak at 1690 cm -1 assigned to unidentate formate species on adsorption of methanol. The basic sites and acidic sites of Cs-X were slightly weakened by modification with metal borates. It was revealed that mechanical mixing of Cs-X and metal borates followed by calcination is a good method to prepare Cs-X modified with both metal components and boron.

KW - Metal borate-modified cesium ion-exchanged zeolite

KW - Methanol

KW - Side-chain alkylation

KW - Styrene

KW - Toluene

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84866056239

U2 - 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003

DO - 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.08.003

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84866056239

SN - 0926-860X

VL - 443-444

SP - 214

EP - 220

JO - Applied Catalysis A: General

JF - Applied Catalysis A: General

ER -

Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol to styrene over cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X modified with metal borates

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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