Security analytics for EMS modules

In modern energy control centers, the energy management system (EMS) refers to a set of computational tools which are employed for system wide monitoring, analysis, control, and operation. A schematic diagram of EMS and its modules are shown in Fig. 1.6 in Chap.1 State estimation is the core module in EMS that estimates the system state variables from a set of real-time telemetered measurements (from meters) and topology statuses (from breakers and switches). The term “states” denotes bus voltages, from which power flows through transmission lines can be computed. As seen in Fig. 1.6, the output of state estimation is required by several other modules, i.e., optimal power flow(OPF), contingency analysis, and automatic generation control (AGC), for economic dispatch calculations and security assessment.