Screening of binders for pelletization of CaO-based sorbents for CO ₂ capture

CaO-based ₂ looping cycle technology is a promising method for separation of CO₂ from flue gas and syngas at high temperatures. The process of CO₂ capture is expected to take place in fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) systems,which implies significant attrition and elutriation of the solid sorbent. Hence, both reactivation of spent sorbent and preparation of modified CaO-based sorbentmaybe required tomaximize the performance of the sorbent. One of the more promising methods to achieve reactivation, namely, hydration, seems to produce very fragile particles, which are unlikely to be suitable for FBC applications. Thus, it is expected that pelletization of the obtained powder may be required. In this paper, we present initial results on the screening of suitable binders for pelletization. Two types of bentonite (Na- andCa-bentonite) and four types of commercial calcium aluminate cements (CA-14, CA-25, Secar 51, and Secar 80) were investigated here, with a primary focus of maintaining a high CO₂-capture capacity over 30-35 cycles. The tests were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and the results showed that the presence of bentonites led to faster decay in activity as a result of the formation of calcium-silica compounds with low melting points, which leads to enhanced sintering. This is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed the presence of spurrite [Ca₅ (SiO₄)₂CO₃] as the dominant compound in the pellet after this series of cycles.Better results were obtainedwith no binder, i.e., by hydration of lime, whereCa(OH)₂ plays the role of the binder. Promising results were obtained also with calciumaluminate cements, where no effect of sintering because of the presence of these binders was noticed.Thus, on the basis of this study, the use of calcium aluminate cements for pelletization of CaO-based sorbent is recommended.