TY - GEN
T1 - Scaling laws in granular flow and pedestrian flow
AU - Chen, Shumiao
AU - Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando
AU - Busch, Jonathan
AU - Hidalgo, Rauól Cruz
AU - Sathianandan, Charmila
AU - Ramiórez-Goómez, Aólvaro
AU - Mora, Peter
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - We use particle-based simulations to examine the flow of particles through an exit. Simulations involve both gravity-driven particles (representing granular material) and velocity-driven particles (mimicking pedestrian dynamics). Contact forces between particles include elastic, viscous, and frictional forces; and simulations use bunker geometry. Power laws are observed in the relation between flow rate and exit width. Simulations of granular flow showed that the power law has little dependence on the coefficient of friction. Polydisperse granular systems produced higher flow rates than those produced by monodisperse ones. We extend the particle model to include the main features of pedestrian dynamics: thoracic shape, shoulder rotation, and desired velocity oriented towards the exit. Higher desired velocity resulted in higher flow rate. Granular simulations always give higher flow rate than pedestrian simulations, despite the values of aspect ratio of the particles. In terms of force distribution, pedestrians and granulates share similar properties with the non-democratic distribution of forces that poses high risks of injuries in a bottleneck situation.
AB - We use particle-based simulations to examine the flow of particles through an exit. Simulations involve both gravity-driven particles (representing granular material) and velocity-driven particles (mimicking pedestrian dynamics). Contact forces between particles include elastic, viscous, and frictional forces; and simulations use bunker geometry. Power laws are observed in the relation between flow rate and exit width. Simulations of granular flow showed that the power law has little dependence on the coefficient of friction. Polydisperse granular systems produced higher flow rates than those produced by monodisperse ones. We extend the particle model to include the main features of pedestrian dynamics: thoracic shape, shoulder rotation, and desired velocity oriented towards the exit. Higher desired velocity resulted in higher flow rate. Granular simulations always give higher flow rate than pedestrian simulations, despite the values of aspect ratio of the particles. In terms of force distribution, pedestrians and granulates share similar properties with the non-democratic distribution of forces that poses high risks of injuries in a bottleneck situation.
KW - Pedestrian flow
KW - granular flow
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84880733355
U2 - 10.1063/1.4811891
DO - 10.1063/1.4811891
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84880733355
SN - 9780735411661
T3 - AIP Conference Proceedings
SP - 157
EP - 160
BT - Powders and Grains 2013 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media
ER -