Robust Rolling Horizon Parameterized Approach for Latency-Tolerant Frequency Adjustment of Virtual Storage Synergistic Microgrids

The large-scale integration of sustainable resources (SRs) significantly reduces the overall system inertia, thereby increasing the vulnerability of the power grid to unexpected disturbances. While conventional energy storage systems present a potential solution to mitigate the effects of low inertia, their high implementation costs pose substantial challenges. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces the concept of virtual storage participation (VSP), which harnesses inherent storage-like capabilities embedded within the operational dynamics of a multi-area grid. By exploiting the naturally occurring diversity in regional control errors (RCE), the proposed VSP framework functions as a gain scheduled VSP. This approach facilitates enhanced frequency adjustment (FA) without relying on physical storage infrastructure, thereby enabling higher penetration of SRs while maintaining frequency stability across the system. To reduce the RCE, this paper suggested a robust rolling horizon approach (RHA) integrated into the secondary control loop for FA in delay-tolerant microgrid networks. The discrete RHA design adopts parameterized orthonormal functions (POF) employes a flexible, nonidentical pole structure to estimate the control trajectory, effectively reducing computational burden. The proposed approach is designed to effectively manage system disturbances and constraints while ensuring robust FA performance. A delay tolerant approach is employed to enhance system robustness against communication delays. The effectiveness of the suggested FA approach is demonstrated through diverse case analysis, validating its superior performance and ensuring stability under both pre and post-participation of variable VSP. The outcomes demonstrate superior performance of the suggested strategy compared with a recent approaches, and reduced computation run time of 75.61%, 62.78%, 51.83% highlighting its enhanced efficacy.