Robust Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Power Systems Under False Data Injection Attacks Using Adaptive Event-Triggered Virtual Inertia Control

This article presents an advanced virtual inertia (VI) approach for load frequency control (LFC) in networked power systems, formulated within a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy framework. The proposed method enhances stability in renewable-rich grids under random false data injection attacks (FDIAs). The T–S fuzzy model effectively addresses system nonlinearities and uncertainties, providing a tractable design framework. The microgrid LFC integrates an equivalent-input-disturbance-estimator-based state feedback VI auxiliary controller with an adaptive periodic event-triggered mechanism (APETM) for robust, communication-efficient operation. The APETM minimizes data transmission, reduces energy use, and optimizes communication resources. Simulation results demonstrate improved frequency regulation and strong resilience against unknown disturbances and random FDIAs. The APETM reduces the triggering times by about 37% compared with the variable-probabilistic-release-strategy-based event-triggered mechanism, confirming improved communication efficiency in data transmission.