Review of recent developments and persistent challenges in stability of perovskite solar cells

An exponential increase in performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been observed in the last decade, reaching over all power conversion efficiency up to 22.1%. This made them the most promising rival to the third generation silicon-based solar cells. However, there are still several issues to resolve to promote PCS's outdoor applications and commercialization. PSCs showed varying degree of sensitivity towards moisture, oxygen, temperature, and UV illumination, depending on the materials used. Other factors also influencing PSCs performance are the stability of carrier lifetime and current–voltage hysteresis. This review is focused on the parameters directly and indirectly affecting the PCSs stability and performance. Recent in-depth studies on different stability parameters are discussed for better understanding of these issues and possible solutions.