Review of next-generation earthquake-resistant geopolymer concrete

Earthquakes present formidable challenges to structural stability, driving the need for ongoing advancements in construction methodologies. This review highlights the crucial role of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) in enhancing earthquake resistance and addresses the need for innovative solutions. The review begins with an overview of the importance of earthquake-resistant construction practices, emphasizing that the next generation of GPC can increase flexural strength by up to 30% compared to conventional GPC concrete when incorporating nanomaterials such as nano-Al2O3, nano clays, and nano-SiO2. A detailed survey of current earthquake-resistant strategies reveals that while traditional concrete is susceptible to chloride attacks, GPC demonstrates a 37% lower vulnerability and significantly improved durability under harsh environmental conditions. The paper presents real-world case studies where GPC has been successfully implemented in seismic applications, illustrating effective enhancements in structural resilience metrics. The review then explores various emerging strategies for earthquake-resistant GPC, elucidating their unique features and advantages for seismic applications. Real-world case studies and examples illustrate the practical success and effectiveness of these next-generation strategies in improving structural resilience. The paper also outlines performance evaluation criteria for seismic structures, showing how these new approaches offer notable improvements over traditional methods. Challenges associated with implementing these advanced strategies are discussed, along with innovative solutions and recent advancements in the field. A comparative analysis of traditional and next-generation approaches highlights their respective benefits and potential drawbacks. The review concludes with an outline of future research directions and prospects for further enhancing GPC structures against seismic forces. This review consolidates key findings and underscores the transformative potential of next-generation strategies in earthquake-resistant construction.