Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. An investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team found a significant increase of citations to papers published by the authors Syed M. Hussain and Wasim Jamshed between the original submission and the revised version of this article. In summary, thirteen papers by the authors were cited in the original version of the article. This increased to twenty-nine papers in the revised version of the article. The Editor has lost confidence in the integrity and findings of the article and has determined that it should be retracted. The authors disagree with the retraction and dispute the grounds for it.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e44370 |
| Journal | Heliyon |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs |
|
| State | Published - Jan 2026 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 The Author(s).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General
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