Retraction note: Saudi calcium bentonite: a novel modifier for enhanced foamed underbalanced drilling performance (Scientific Reports, (2025), 15, 1, (4850), 10.1038/s41598-025-87019-2)

Retraction of: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87019-2, published online 10 February 2025 The Editors have retracted this Article. Following publication, concerns were raised about the similarity of XRD graphs, images, and data with another article [1]. Specifically, Figure 1 image 1, 2 and 3 in this Article and Fig. 1 image 1, 2 and 4 in [1] appear to overlap, respectively. Figure 2 in this Article and Fig. 2d in [1] appear to overlap. Figure 3in this Article and Fig. 3 “Raw Calcium Betonite” in [1] appear to overlap. Figure 1 image 1, 2 and 3 in this Article and Fig. 1 image 1, 2 and 4 in [1] appear to overlap, respectively. Figure 2 in this Article and Fig. 2d in [1] appear to overlap. Figure 3in this Article and Fig. 3 “Raw Calcium Betonite” in [1] appear to overlap. The description of preparation of the bentonite and the particle size reported in both articles are different. Additionally, concerns were raised about the veracity of the data shown in Fig. 3. The Authors were contacted for clarifications; however, the explanation and raw data provided did not resolve the concerns. The Editors therefore have lost confidence in the data and results presented in this Article. Ahmed Gowida disagrees with the retraction. Salaheldin Elkatatny did not respond to the Editors about this retraction.