Retraction note: Energy optimization in smart urban buildings using bio-inspired ant colony optimization (Soft Computing, (2023), 27, 2, (973-989), 10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3)

The Publisher has retracted this article in agreement with the Editor-in-Chief. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation’s findings the publisher, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. Author Fakhri Alam Khan has stated that all authors disagree with the retraction.