Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using novel polydopamine-modified cnts-based composite membranes

The presence of major heavy metals including Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺, and Zn²⁺ in water is of great concern because they cannot degrade or be destroyed. They are toxic even at very low concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to remove such toxicants from water. In the current study, polydopamine carbon nanotubes (PD-CNTs) and polysulfone (PS) composite membranes were prepared. The structural and morphological features of the prepared PDCN composite membranes were studied using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The potential application of PDCNs for heavy metal removal was studied for the removal of Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and Cd²⁺ from wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of 96.1% was obtained for Cr⁶⁺ at 2.6 pH using a composite membrane containing 1.0% PD-CNTs. The removal efficiencies decreased by 64.1 and 73.4, respectively, by enhancing the pressure from 0.50 up to 0.85 MPa. Under the same circumstances, the percentages of Pb⁺² removal at 0.49 bar by the PDCNS membranes containing 0.5% and 1.0% PD-CNT were 70 and 90.3, respectively, and decreased to 54.3 and 57.0, respectively, upon increasing the pressure to 0.85 MPa. The results showed that PDCNS membranes have immense potential for the removal of heavy metals from water.