Relationship between economic growth, renewable energy use, technological innovation, and carbon emission toward achieving Malaysia’s Paris agreement

Global climate change caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, poses incomparable threats to the environment, development, and sustainability. This research investigates the potential of economic growth, renewable energy use, and technological innovation to achieve Malaysia’s Paris Agreement by reducing CO₂ emissions. Time-series data from 1990 to 2019 were utilized applying the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. The empirical findings show that the coefficient of economic growth is positive and significant with CO₂ emissions, indicating a 1% increase in economic growth is related to a 0.9% rise in CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, the coefficient of renewable energy use is negative and significant, which indicates that increasing renewable energy use by 1% is associated with CO₂ emissions reduction by 0.3% in the long run. In addition, increasing technological innovation lowers CO₂ emissions, implying that a 1% increase in the number of patent applications is linked to a 0.05% reduction of CO₂ emissions. The empirical findings reveal that increased renewable energy use and technological innovation can reduce Malaysia’s carbon emission while economic growth deteriorates the environmental quality. Thus, effective implementation of policy measures to a low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, and financing technological innovation could help to achieve Malaysia’s Paris Agreement by reducing CO₂ emissions.