Recent Advances in the Applications of Green Synthesized Nanoparticle based Nanofluids for the Environmental Remediation

With the ever-growing importance of green technology, the utilization of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles and their nanofluids against microorganisms garnered more attention than organic metal oxides in recent years. Therefore, using safer, energy and cost-effective natural raw materials, stabilizing agents, and solvents are the fundamental considerations of the greener process. Due to their unique properties, larger surface area to volume ratio, higher stability and selective toxicity towards microbial pathogens, ZnO, TiO₂ and silver nanoparticles are considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, amine-based silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are used for the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide separation. The review mainly focuses on the green synthesis of the various nanoparticles to form nanofluids and their application in environmental remediation. In this light, the current paper briefly summarizes the preparation methods and the prospective environmental remediation applications of various nanofluids in the field of microorganisms controlling mechanisms, wastewater treatment methods and harmful gaseous removal methods.