Recent advancements in the tailoring of nanomaterials via microwave-assisted synthesis: a comprehensive review

Nanomaterials have garnered significant interest across industries such as energy, engineering, agriculture, and textiles due to their versatile applications. Microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis has emerged as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient method for producing high-quality nanomaterials. This technique enables precise control over size, shape, growth kinetics, and crystalline structure while reducing energy consumption and improving chemical yield. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of MW-assisted synthesis, focusing on its ability to modulate structural and morphological attributes. We also discuss challenges, prospects, and sustainable approaches for synthesizing nanostructured composites using MW technology. Finally, we highlight promising directions for advancing MW-assisted methodologies, offering novel insights into the high-yield production of premium-quality nanomaterials for industrial applications.